The following script was presented as a speech at the Greenhost Boutique Hotel, Yogyakarta for a Global Studio UTS subject, regarding tobacco control in Malioboro Street.

Diah and Toni are characters situated in our 2040 vision. All other characters are from the Malio Creative organisation created to find tobacco control solutions. 

Diah :The year is 2040. The breeze is nice today in Jogja. I decided to ride my bike to Malioboro Street after a tiring day of work. I’m planning to meet up with my cousin Toni, to help him do his schoolwork. I like to hang at Malioboro as I feel that I can breathe fresh air, without being forced to passive smoke. I remember when I was growing up, things were so different. Everyone simply did as they pleased, no regard for the rules. The government has worked hard to ensure that public health is much more of a priority. Police are now patrolling the streets issuing fines for littering, and for smoking in prohibited zones. Today’s meeting with Toni is my opportunity to lecture him on the dangers of smoking. He is only 16 and is so easily influenced by his friends. It’s upsetting to see him smoke, considering I’ve dedicated my entire career to eliminating this issue. 

Toni:Oh hey, I’m just riding my solar powered scooter to Malioboro Street to meet up with my cousin. It’s obvious she’s only making me go there since it’s a no smoking zone. It’s been that way my whole life, but lately it’s become much more strict, due to the large scale of tobacco control. It’s really hard, sometimes I can’t control my urge to just pull out a cigarette. I’ve smoked on the street before,  but it felt extremely uncomfortable and socially unacceptable. I felt as though I was being judged. I learnt my lesson. I now only smoke in the allocated areas. Anyway, I’m meeting up with my cousin because shes a doctor and I want to give her my science project to complete. I can’t be bothered. I’m excited to see all the new interactive art installations while I’m there, I might also invite my friends. 

Brandon: It’s good to be back, 2040 seems like a year of improvement and change. As Diah mentioned, there’s still plenty of issues and things to work on, but wow it has changed so much since I was last here in 2019 with my uni.  I think it’s mainly because the government is committed to finding tobacco control solutions and has been working with vital strategies to ensure public health is a priority. I visited jalan Malioboro last night and the atmosphere was so pleasant. Without the hustle and bustle of traffic, the street is much more enjoyable. Take a look at some of the pics I took. The choice to make it a pedestrian area has allowed for bigger rest areas to be built and it’s so much more nicer to hang out with friends. I like that smoke isn’t constantly in your face. I’m surprised at the level of compliance with the smoking zones, it must be because of the patrolling police. 

Good Afternoon, we are all from Malio Creative, an organisation dedicated to creating a more attractive, enjoyable and healthy Malioboro. In 2040, we found that Malioboro is a much cleaner and healthier environment for the public. It is one of the leading areas in smoking compliance in all of Indonesia. We have come to these conclusions through thorough research. Through backcasting we were able to understand how we got here. 

We found that conducting primary on site research was extremely insightful and allowed us to gain an understanding of the rate of change and the movement of people within the area.  Whilst in Malioboro we observed the public and produced the following data:

We went on a 10 minute walk on the street, and recorded how many people were smoking in smoke free zones. This helped us to identify the issue of non compliance with the regulation. In total 73 people were smoking on our 10 minute walk. The highest rates of smoking were in the Mall area and around Circle K. The common factor here is that both are places where people go to buy cigarettes. 

We also conducted a test in front of the mall where we observed groups of people hanging out, both smokers and non smokers. As you, see the rate was much higher during the night time, as more people were out and about. 

Furthermore, we created a mapping system which allows us to visualise our data in a way that can be tracked over a 20 year period. This map tracks the density and distribution of smokers/ non-smokers, density of advertisements as well as changes made in the area. The mapping system forecast changes in the variables mentioned above in 5 year intervals over a 20-year period. A key was created to symbolise each variable; green dots represent non-smokers, red for smokers and black dots for advertisements. In the 2019 map, results reveal more smokers than non-smokers in Malioboro and a trend to congregate outside of the mall and in areas with public benches or places to sit. Furthermore, it was noted that there was a high density of advertisements found unrelated to a corresponding shopfront located near the mall. These results show a strong correlation between advertising, rest areas and density of people partaking in smoking.

In 2025, we envision the distribution of rest areas to be more spread out. The saturation of advertisements is reduced and none of which are related to tobacco due to the enforcement of legislation. The street is permanently converted into a pedestrian only zone and is represented wider on the map as it becomes part of the 2019 pedestrian pathway. This is to ease footpath congestion and overcrowding. 

In 2030, recycling bins are implemented into the town plan to help combat the severe problem of littering. Combined with many tobacco control campaigns and regulations, it can be seen that the rate of smoking in the area has rapidly decreased.

The year 2035 is a highly productive year in our timeline. A revamp of common resting spaces, some of which are strictly non-smoking, leads to a more evenly distributed population. This further eases congestion and density of passive smoking.

Finally, the map of 2040 suggests the success of reducing passive smoking and tobacco control in general. By 2040, tobacco legislations are enforced; there are rest areas for both smokers and non-smokers, recycling bins are introduced, pedestrian only zone, shaded areas and interactive art displays. This map exhibits the permanent art installations and the image on the left is an artistic impression of Malioboro art festival held every 35 days to encourage tourism and also provide a creative hub for locals. 

We compared some images from 2019 and 2040 to showcase how far we’ve come and to analyse how the changes we’ve made to the space, have altered the way people interact. Using the data we collected, we implemented certain changes in Malioboro, to enhance the atmosphere and overall experience for the public. 

From our findings, we noted that people did in fact want to be outdoors amongst others and thus, 2040 Jalan Malioboro has the perfect balance of shade and space.  We decided to revamp the buildings by repainting peeling walls, fixing broken signs and conducting a general clean up. Steps were taken such as adding grass, planting more trees, implementing recycling programs and a permanent pedestrian pathway to achieve a more sustainable future.  A bike rack has been included in order to encourage people to consider how their actions impact the environment when travelling. 

Our hope was to persuade people to use the bus or ride a bike, in our aim to create a highly sustainable future. We envisioned Malioboro as a creative hub for expression, whilst not impacting culturally valued aspects of the space such as the traditional markets.

The street as a whole now serves as a common space for everyone to enjoy and shade can be found almost everywhere. We concluded that people use space tailored to their personal desires. Through spatial design we aim to influence how people behave and interact within the space. This has been achieved through creating specific smoking rest areas, as tobacco control solutions for the space. 

Our aim is to promote a sustainable future where people are safe and their health is not affected by passive smoking. As you can see we have worked hard to find possible solutions and long term plans which can better Malioboro’s future. A lot has changed in 20 years but we’ve still got a long way to go. 

Timeline image references:

•Aku Kaos, 2018, RUTE DAN HALTE TRANS JOGJA TERBARU LENGKAP, viewed 12 December 2019, <https://jogjakaosoblong.blogspot.com/2017/08/rute-trans-jogja-terbaru-2017-lengkap.html&gt;.

•Falah, M. 2012, Ada Apa dengan World Tobacco Asia 2012?, Republika, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://www.republika.co.id/berita/gaya-hidup/info-sehat/13/05/10/jurnalisme-warga/wacana/12/09/24/mauac9-ada-apa-dengan-world-tobacco-asia-2012&gt;.

•Harsono, A. 2011, Public health suffers as Indonesia suffers as Indonesia ignores calls for tobacco reform, viewed 11 December 2019, <http://www.andreasharsono.net/2011/09/public-health-suffers-as-indonesia.html&gt;.

•Kunzyogya, 2015, BERINGHARJO MARKET (Pasar beringharjo) -A yogyakarta Traditional Market, viewed 12 December 2019, <https://www.yogya-backpacker.com/beringharjo-market-pasar-beringharjo/&gt;.

•Sentana, I. M & Hariyanto, J. 2014,Indonesia Tells Cigarette Makers to Put Warnings on Products, The Wall Street Journal, viewed 12 December 2019, <https://www.wsj.com/articles/indonesia-tells-cigarette-makers-to-put-warnings-on-products-1403618269&gt;.

•Subaktyo, B. 2001, Salah satu sudut jl. Malioboro Jogja, dengan berbagai pedagang kakilima, di trotoar, flickr, viewed 12 December 2019, <https://www.flickr.com/photos/bambang_bakti/3926039954/in/photolist-6YVYU3-B8wy2-399fMk&gt;.

Timeline Info References:

1.Britannica 2019, New Order-Indonesian history, Encyclopedia Britannica, viewed 12 December, <https://www.britannica.com/topic/New-Order-Indonesian-history&gt;.

2.Cahya, G. A., Mahendra, Y. K. D. & Damanik. I. I. 2017, Malioboro as a value of Special District of Yogyakarta City, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/70/1/012055/pdf&gt;.

3.Indonesia Investments, 2019, Asian financial crisis-cause and effect-Indonesia, Indonesia Investments, viewed 11 December, <https://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/economy/asian-financial-crisis/item246&gt;.

4.Septirina, S. N., Takeo, O. &Satoru, K. 2016, ‘Conservation of Historical Architecture in Malioboro Street, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia’, Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 225, pp. 259-269.

5.<https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6206/&gt;.

6..<https://indonesiaexpat.biz/travel/history-culture/a-brief-history-of-tobacco/&gt;.

7..The World Bank, 2016, Indonesia’s Urban Story, World Bank, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2016/06/14/indonesia-urban-story&gt;.

8.Rizky, I. P. A & Yulia, P. 2017, Malioboro as Soul of Yogyakarta City: Tourism Perception oAbout Malioboro District, viewed 12 december 2019, <http://www.uia2017seoul.org/P/papers/Full_paper/Paper/Poster/P-0701.pdf&gt;.

9.Tobacco Labelling Resource Centre, 2013, Health Warnings, viewed 11 December 2019,<https://tobaccolabels.ca/countries/indonesia/&gt;.

10.<https://indonesiaexpat.biz/news/indonesia-to-raise-cigarette-taxes-2017/&gt;.

11.The World Bank, 2019, The World Bank In Indonesia, World Bank, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia/overview&gt;.

12.Pebriansyah, A., 2018, jogja plan to get rid of all tobacco advertising,Suara.com, viewed 12 December 2019, <https://www.suara.com/news/2018/11/07/155456/kota-yogyakarta-akan-tolak-iklan-rokok-di-semua-media-reklame&gt;.

Other References:

Adelin, F. 2015, Historical Photographs of Malioboro Street You Might Have Never Seen, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://en.brilio.net/wow/fascinating-historical-photographs-of-malioboro-street-historical-photographs-of-malioboro-1511057.

•Admin, 2019, Jalan Malioboro, The 24 Hours Street, TourJogja, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://tourjogja.com/read/18/jalan-malioboro-the-24-hours-street.html&gt;.

•Afifa, L. 2019, Cigarette Smoking Curbed in Yogyakarta’s Malioboro in November, viewed 11 december 2019, <https://en.tempo.co/read/1260662/cigarette-smoking-curbed-in-yogyakartas-malioboro-in-november&gt;.

•Ariefana, P. 2018, Kota Yogyakarta Akan Tolak Iklan Rokok di Semua Media Reklame, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://www.suara.com/news/2018/11/07/155456/kota-yogyakarta-akan-tolak-iklan-rokok-di-semua-media-reklame&gt;.

•Gideon, A. 2016, Rincian Kenaikan Harga Rokok Yang Berlaku Mulai 1 Januari 2017, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/2622165/rincian-kenaikan-harga-rokok-yang-berlaku-mulai-1-januari-2017&gt;.

•Hary, Y. W. 2012, Ada Demo Tandingan Kelompok Pro Rokok, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2012/05/31/waah..ada-demo-tandingan-dari-kelompok-pro-rokok>.

•Kamah, W. 2016, Five Facts about Malioboro Street in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, viewed 11 December 2019, <http://writerwkamah.com/2016/03/20/five-facts-about-malioboro-street-in-jogjakarta-indonesia/&gt;.

•Tribun Jogja, 2013, Mulai 2014, Peringatan Bahaya Rokok Ditampilkan Lewat Gambar, viewed 11 December 2019, <https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2013/12/23/mulai-2014-peringatan-bahaya-rokok-ditampilkan-lewat-gambar?page=2&gt;.